Architectural Projects: Remembering the World Trade Center
In memory of the World Trade Center
It’s been almost 20 years since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The World Trade Center was a symbol of American prosperity and a target for the terrorists too. In the aftermath of the attacks, the World Trade Center site was left in ruins. The task of rebuilding the site was daunting, to say the least.
In the years since the site has been transformed. The new World Trade Center is home to several architectural projects, including the Freedom Tower, the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, and the Oculus.
If you are interested in the World Trade Center, there are a few architectural projects you should know about. Check out this blog to learn more!
Also in this article, we’ll take a look at the history of the First World trade center site and the rebuilding process. As well, we’ll be shortly reviewing the different stages through which passed the execution of an immortal project across the eras and one of the worldwide architectural projects icons of all time: the World Trade Center of New York.
As a tribute to this wonderful construction ever, destroyed and vanished by terrorist attacks, I dedicate this post.
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| The iconic twin towers of downtown Manhattan- Image Source: https://i.pinimg.com |
The Twin Towers of New York in History
- In 1968, the world's tallest architectural building rose in the middle of NYC: The World Trade Center, also known as the twin towers of new york. It was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan in New York City. The original Twin Towers (North Tower and South Tower) were completed in 1972 and 1973 respectively. Both towers stood at 1,368 feet (417 m) with 110 stories. The North Tower was home to commercial and retail stores. The South Tower housed offices for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which manages the site and its surroundings.
- They were part of a complex called the World Trade Center. Unfortunately, the two buildings were entirely destroyed on September 11, 2001, by terrorist attacks. They were one of the best architectural buildings in the world at this time. They were uniquely tracing the New York skyline, which no other city could define!
- The North Tower (1) was completed in December 1972, followed by the South Tower (2) which was finished in July 1973. The construction project involved excavating a large amount of material, which was later used as a landfill to build Battery Park City on the west side of Lower Manhattan.
- The groundbreaking ceremony for the World Trade Center took place on August 5, 1966.
- The building experienced a fire on February 13, 1975, and a bombing on February 26, 1993. In 1998, the Port Authority decided to privatize the World Trade Center, leasing the buildings to a private company to manage, and awarded the lease to Silverstein Properties in July 2001.
- On the morning of September 11, 2001, "Al-Qaeda" affiliated hijackers flew two 767 jets into the complex, one into each tower, in a coordinated terrorist attack. After burning for 56 minutes, the South Tower (2) collapsed, followed a half-hour later by the North Tower (1). The attacks on the World Trade Center resulted in 2,753 deaths and few did survive. Read more...
A Remarkable Architectural Project worldwide ever!
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| Fig. 1- The original landscape of the site, featuring the 7 WTC towers before being destroyed in 2001, Source: Wikipedia |
The original World Trade Center was an architectural project complex of seven buildings (see Fig. 1) featuring landmark twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. The site, formerly referred to as "world trade center ground zero" or "the Pile" immediately after the September 11 attacks, was first opened on April 4th, 1973.
The iconic twin towers of NYC's World Trade Center were a triumph of human imagination and will. Completed in 1973, the towers stood at 110 stories each, accommodating 50,000 workers and 200,000 daily visitors in 10 million square feet of space. They were the hub of the bustling Financial District, a top tourist attraction, and a landmark of New York City’s – and later America’s–steadfast devotion to progress and the future.
After the attacks, the site is being rebuilt with five new skyscrapers and a memorial to the casualties of the attacks (see Fig.2)
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Fig. 2- The Preliminary proposal site renewal after the September 11th attacks, featuring the Memorial Remembering right in place of the destroyed Towers, Photo-Source: Wikipedia |
Only one skyscraper has been completed with four more expected to be completed before 2020. A sixth tower is still awaiting confirmation to be built. At the time of their completion, the original 1 and 2 World Trade Centers were the tallest buildings in the world, surpassing the Empire State Building, built in 1931 and also in Manhattan.
The complex was designed in the early 1960s by Minoru Yamasaki and Associates of Troy, Michigan, and Emery Roth and Sons of New York. The twin 110-story towers used a tube-frame structural design.
To gain approval for the project, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey agreed to take over the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad, which became the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH).
➤ Read more: Refer to a previous article on my blog untitled: 8 Best Worldwide Architectural Projects in 2016 (with Images) featuring the One World Trade Center as one of the 8 best worldwide architectural projects in the year 2016.
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| Fig. 4- The site as it appeared in 2012: The pools lie on the approximate site of each twin tower. The left is the North Tower and the right is the South Tower, Photo Source: Wikipedia |
7 World Trade Centers collapsed later in the day. The other buildings, although they did not collapse, had to be demolished because they were very damaged beyond repair. However, the cleanup and recovery process at the World Trade Center site took eight full months. The first new building at the site was the 7 World Trade Center, which opened in May 2006.
World Trade Center Facts | Building Specifications
When the towers were finished, (Fig.3) each one would have 97 passenger elevators, capable of carrying loads of up to 10,000 pounds at speeds of up to 1,600 feet per minute. In all, the towers were assembled from more than 200,000 pieces of steel manufactured around the country, 3,000 miles of electrical wiring, 425,000 cubic yards of concrete, 40,000 doors, 43,600 windows, and six acres of marble.
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| Fig. 3- The original WTC complex, Source: Wikipedia |
The cost for the construction was $400 million ($2,169,167,354 estimated in 2011). The complex was located in the heart of New York City's downtown financial district and contained 13.4 million square feet (1.24 million m2) of office space. The Windows on the World restaurant was located on the 106th and 107th floors of 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower) while the Top of the World observation deck was located on the 107th floor of 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower). (Fig.4)
Other buildings of the Center included the Marriott World Trade Center; 4 World Trade Center; 5 World Trade Center; 6 World Trade Center, which housed the United States Customs. All of these buildings were built between 1975 and 1981. The final building constructed was the 7 World Trade Center, which was finished in 1985. The second King Kong was filmed in 1976 with some scenes mentioning and showing the World Trade Center.
The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC), established in November 2001 to oversee the rebuilding process, organized competitions to select a site plan and memorial design.
Memory Foundations, designed by Daniel Libeskind, was selected as the master plan, which included the 1,776-foot (541 m) One World Trade Center, three office towers along Church Street, and a memorial (see Fig. 2 & 4) designed by Michael Arad, an Israeli-American young Architect, consists of a field of trees interrupted by the footprints of the twin towers.
Pools of water fill the footprints, underneath which sits a memorial space whose walls bear the victims' names.
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Fig.4- The WTC before the September 11th attacks- Image Source: https://americanmusclecar.wordpress.com
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| Illustrated List of the 20 tallest buildings in the world |
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Nadim Maani
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From discussing cutting-edge architectural trends to analyzing iconic structures, and home improvement topics, my articles delve into the intricacies of design, offering thought-provoking perspectives and practical tips.
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